Health care of monsoon: tip twenty essential to prevent maleria also dengue this monsoon session

Health care of monsoon: tip twenty essential to prevent maleria also dengue this monsoon session 

Some diseases in human are caused by parasite.like malaria is caused by microscopic parasite called plasmodium.

Species of plasmodium p.vivax ,p. Malaria, p. Falciparum are responsible for different types of malaria.

maleria

Of these, malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum is the most serious and can be fatal.

When an infected female anopheles mosquito bites a human, plasmodium enters the human body in the form of sporozoites.

Initially, this parasite multiplies in liver cells and theninvades blood cells, followed by a period of 3to4.

It feels cold during the day and causes more fever.

At this stage, when a female Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, the parasite enters the mosquito's body. There, they multiply and produce sporozoites, where their development continues.

Which is stored in the salivary glands of the mosquito and when this female Anopheles mosquito bites a person, this parasite enters his body and develops.

Thus, the malaria parasite requires two hosts to complete its life cycle—a human and a mosquito.

Female Anopheles mosquitoes are the carriers of this disease.

Life cycle of Plasmodium

(1) Life cycle in humans: The life cycle of Plasmodium in humans occurs in three stages:

(a) Pre-erythrocytic cycle: (i) A small amount of saliva is injected into the human body by the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito. (ii) The sporozoites in the saliva enter the human blood. The rod-shaped sporozoites migrate from the blood to the liver cells. (iii) They feed in the liver cells and become spherical, which are called cryptozoites. (iv) Asexual reproduction of the cryptozoite type occurs, which is called syzygony. (v) The cryptozoites now transform into cryptomerozoites.

(b) Exoerythrocytic cycle: (i) Cryptomerozoite enters new hepatocytes and grows into a spherical stage called metacryptozoont. (ii) Which through asexual reproduction transforms into metacryptozoont which enters the hepatocyte-blood.

(c) Endo-erythrocytic cycle: (i) This cycle occurs in the blood cell. (ii) The metacryptomerozoite forms a round shape inside the blood cell. This is known as a trophozoite. (iii) False legs develop in the trophozoite. This is known as the amoeboid stage. (iv) The parasite secretes enzymes to break down the haemoglobin in the blood cell into erythroglobin. (v) The globin becomes the food for the parasite while the toxin is converted into haemozoin. (vi) The parasite now forms a round shape called a zygote. The zygote transforms into a merozoite by asexual reproduction. (vii) The merozoite then transforms into a gametocyte. (viii) The gametocyte which is small in size and has a large nucleus is called male gametocyte while the female gametocyte is large in size and has a small nucleus.

(2) Life cycle in mosquito: (i) When the female Anopheles mosquito sucks the blood of a human containing gametocytes, it takes place in the digestive tract. (ii) The male gametocyte is now known as microgamete and the female gametocyte as megagamete. (iii) After fertilization, it turns into a zygote. (iv) The zygote becomes a oocyst, which is called an oocyst. (v) The oocyst turns into a oocyst, which turns into a sporozoite through sexual reproduction. (vi) This sporozoite is produced in the salivary gland. This sporozoite has to enter the human blood for further development. (vii) When this mosquito bites a human, the sporozoite enters the blood along with the saliva. Thus, the life cycle begins again in the human.